1) What’s the difference of OS in terms of users view and the system view?

The difference between of OS in terms of the users view and systems view is that in the users view is that how an os makes a computer convenient to use. the Effeciency : An os allows the computer system resource to be used in a effecient manner and lastly abilty to evolve: An OS should be constructed in such a way to permit the effective development,testing,and introduction of new system function without interfering with service.
While the operating system interms of the systems view is that a operating system manages the sharig resources among competing entites, provides a number of common services that make application easier to wrtie and serves as the interface between application and programs

2) Explain the goals of OS.

• The various roles or goals of and operating system generally revolve around the idea of “sharing nicely”.
• An Operating system manages resources, and these resources are often shared in one way or another among programs that want to use them

3) What’s the difference bet. batch system ,multiprogrammed systems, and time-sharing systems?

• The difference bet. batch system ,multiprogrammed systems, and time-sharing systems is that batch system is one in which jobs are bundled together with the instructions necessary to allow them to be processed without intervention. Often jobs of a similar nature can be bundled together to further increase economy, then the multiprogrammed systems is a method by which multiple tasks, also known to processes , share common processing resources such as CPU. In the case of a computer with a single CPU, only one task is said to be running at any point in time, meaning that the CPU is actively executing instructions for that task while time-sharing is were you have a primary computer or shall we say the sever and there you would connect the other computers and the server will serve as the main PC.

4) Advantages of Parallel system.

• The advantage of having a Parallel system is that the certain PC having this system has a higher performance rate, has a higher response time, efficient to use of a faster interconnection network essential for good performance and can perform tasks that a non-parallel system operating system could not do. It could also use two hardware platforms with different performance characteristics to validate some conclusion or data processed.

5) Differentiate Symmetric multiprocessing and Asymmetric multiprocessing.

• Asymmetric multiprocessing or ASMP is a type of multiprocessing supported in DEC's VMS V.3 as well as a number of older systems including TOPS-10 and OS-360. It varies greatly from the standard processing model that we see in personal computers today. Due to the complexity and unique nature of this architecture, it was not adopted by many vendors or programmers during its brief stint between 1970 - 1980.
  Where as a symmetric multiprocessor or SMP treats all of the processing elements in the system identically, an ASMP system assigns certain tasks only to certain processors. In particular, only one processor may be responsible for fielding all of the interrupts in the system or perhaps even performing all of the I/O in the system. This makes the design of the I/O system much simpler, although it tends to limit the ultimate performance of the system. Graphics cards, physics cards and cryptographic accelerators which are subordinate to a CPU in modern computers can be considered a form of asymmetric multiprocessing. SMP is extremely common in the modern computing world, when people refer to "multi core" or "multi processing" they are most commonly referring to SMP.

6) Differentiate client-server system and peer-to-peer system.

• The difference between client-server and peer-to-peer system is that the client to server is a computing system composed of two logical parts: a server, which provides information or services, and a client, which requests them. On a network, for example, users can access server resources from their personal computers using client software while the peer-to-peer system is a networking method of delivering computer network services in which the participants share a portion of their own resources, such as processing power, disk storage, network bandwidth, printing facilities. Such resources are provided directly to other participants without intermediary network hosts or servers

7) Differentiate the design issues of OS between stand alone PC and a workstation connected to a network.

-The Stand alone PC is just like your own PC, it doesn't connect with the other PC's, while the Workstation connected PC is compose of one or two PC's but attached by two or more monitors.

8) Define the following types of OS: Batch, Time sharing, Real Time, Network, Distributed,Handheld

a. Batch- are set up so they can be run to completion without human interaction, so all input data is preselected through scripts or command-line parameters. This is in contrast to "online" or interactive programs which prompt the user for such input. A program takes a set of data files as input, process the data, and produces a set of output data files. This operating environment is termed as "batch processing" because the input data are collected into batches on files and are processed in batches by the program. b. Time Sharing- is sharing a computing resource among many users by multitasking. Its introduction in the 1960s, and emergence as the prominent model of computing in the 1970s, represents a major historical shift in the history of computing. By allowing a large number of users to interact simultaneously on a single computer, time-sharing dramatically lowered the cost of providing computing, while at the same time making the computing experience much more interactive c. Real Time-In computer science, real-time computing (RTC) is the study of hardware and software systems that are subject to a "real-time constraint"—i.e., operational deadlines from event to system response. By contrast, a non-real-time system is one for which there is no deadline, even if fast response or high performance is desired or preferred. The needs of real-time software are often addressed in the context of real-time operating systems, and synchronous programming languages, which provide frameworks on which to build real-time application software d. Network- networked systems consist of multiple computers that are networked together, usually with a common operating system and shared resources. Users, however, are aware of the different computers that make up the system. e. Distributed-Distributed computing deals with hardware and software systems containing more than one processing element or storage element, concurrent processes, or multiple programs, running under a loosely or tightly controlled regime. f. Handheld-Handheld is common names for mobile devices such as Hand-held camera, Hand-held computer, Handheld computing ,Handheld (gaming),Handheld electronic game